Quality

Longitudinal Chromatic Aberration and focus shift

I tested the Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 for longitudinal color aberrations (loCA, a.k.a. “axial color” or “bokeh CA”) and focus shift. The former can show up as magenta coloration in the foreground and greenish hues in the background and are not easily corrected in post-processing. The lens shows quite some loCA but only little focus shift – although the background becomes sharper much faster than the foreground when stopping the lens down:

Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 longitudinal Chromatic Aberration (loCA)

Above from top to bottom: f1.4, f2.0, f2.8; 100% crops, left = foreground, right = background

In my test-shots with the the Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 I also detected some purple fringing around high-contrast edges or specular highlights in the focus plane. But in the torture test with the fountain in bright sunlight (see second image on the next page) it was relatively unobtrusive. Spill-over of bright background light is an issue as is green outlining around background subjects.

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 at f1.4, 100% crop; click image for 4k version, here for large original

Sharpness and contrast

Let’s have a look at the theoretical performance of the Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 and compare it to their Z 35mm f1.8 S:

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 at f1.4 (left), Z 35mm f1.8 S at f1.8 (right)

These MTF charts show the computed lens-performance of lenses wide open at infinity without influence of diffraction at 10 line-pairs/mm (red) and 30 lp/mm (blue). Higher values are better (more contrast) and the closer the dotted and solid lines are together the less contrast dependents on the orientation of the test-pattern (less astigmatism). The x-axis displays the distance from the optical axis (=center of the sensor) in mm.

From the charts the Z 35mm f1.4 is definitively softer than the Z 35mm f1.8 S – but that is at f1.4. Stopping the new lens down to f1.8 might well bring central sharpness up to comparable levels. And while the Z 35mm f1.8 S stays pretty sharp even beyond the DX image-circle the decline in resolution of fine details towards the corners of the Z 35mm f1.4 is relatively moderate and not too steep.

Let’s see how this theoretical performance translates into real life results in the sharpness test based on Siemens-stars shot on a 45MP Nikon Z8 set to 16 image Pixel shift shooting. The 16 individual images for each shot were merged in NX Studio 1.7.0 into a 180MP RAW file and further processed in Lightroom 13.4/CRAW 16.4 to Adobe Color profile with the lens profile compensating CA, distortions and vignetting. Noise-reduction was set to 0, sharpening to 50/1/36/10, with no extra tone, color, or saturation adjustment. White-balance was adjusted to a neutral white and I did some exposure compensation to make the brightness of all crops match. So you will not see light fall-off in the corners. I also focused separately for the center, the DX-corner, and FX-corner which eliminates any effect field-curvature might have. If you want to know more about the advantages and perils of pixel shift shooting head over to page 2 of my Tamron 28-75mm f2.8 Nikon Z review.

The following 50% crops show the Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 from f1.4 down to f11 compared to the Nikon Z 35mm f1.8 S and Voigtländer 35mm f2 APO-Lanthar.

Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 compared; 50% crop from 180MP image

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 at f1.4; click image for full resolution 100% crops

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 at f1.8; click image for full resolution 100% crops

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.8 S at f1.8; click image for full resolution 100% crops

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 at f2.0; click image for full resolution 100% crops

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.8 S at f2.0; click image for full resolution 100% crops; also available at f2.8, f4.0, f5.6, f8.0, f11

Above: Voigtländer 35mm f2 APO-Lanthar at f2.0; click image for full resolution 100% crops; also available at f2.8, f4.0, f5.6, f8.0, f11

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 at f2.8; click image for full resolution 100% crops

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 at f4.0; click image for full resolution 100% crops

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 at f5.6; click image for full resolution 100% crops; also available at f8.0, f11

Wide open, the Z 35mm f1.4 shows quite some detail across the sensor but suffers from reduced contrast towards the corners. Stopping down to f1.8 improves contrast a bit but not to the level of the Z 35mm f1.8 S – which also is a bit sharper in the DX-image-circle. At f2.0 the Voigtländer 35mm f2 APO-Lanthar comes into play and shows its superior sharpness and contrast across the sensor even when shot at 180MP. At the testing distance of 1.6m field-curvature of the Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 is practically non-existent within the DX image-circle but becomes pretty strong towards the FX-corners.

Summary:

Of the three 35mm lenses compared here Nikon’s Z 35mm f1.4 is the softest. Its biggest disadvantage is the reduced contrast outside the center when used at f1.4 or f2.0.

Performance at long distances

The Siemens-star test-targets are shot at a distance of 45x focal length (i.e. at around 1.6m). But performance of lenses also depends on the shooting distance. Therefore, I shot another series of a city around 1 km away on a Nikon Z8 set to 16 image pixel shift shooting. The 16 individual images for each shot were merged in NX Studio 1.7.0 into a 180MP RAW file and further processed in Lightroom 13.4/CRAW 16.4 to Adobe Color profile with the lens profile compensating CA, distortions and vignetting. Noise-reduction was set to 0, sharpening to 50/1/36/10, with no extra tone, color, or saturation adjustment. I used manual focus at the largest aperture and did not change focus for other apertures. All shots were made from a heavy tripod with image stabilization switched off at ISO 64. As usual I have selected the diagonal that provided the better corner results as the lens was a bit decentered.

The following images show the complete scene wide open plus 50% crops from near center, DX-corner, and FX-corner. All crops in a row are from the same image so there is no compensation for field curvature. For comparison I shot the Nikon Z 35mm f1.8 S only minutes apart. The Voigtländer 35mm f2 APO-Lanthar was shot a few days later but at similar atmospheric conditions. You can access the large 180MP originals plus 100% crops, but the files are for personal evaluation only and cannot be used in another publication or website without permission.

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 at f1.4; click image for 4k version, here for large 180MP original

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 at f1.4; click image for 100% crops

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 at f1.8; click image for 100% crops

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.8 S at f1.8; click image for 100% crops, here for large 180MP original

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 at f2.0; click image for 100% crops

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.8 S at f2.0; click image for 100% crops, also available at f2.8, f4.0, f5.6, f8.0

Above: Voigtländer 35mm f2 APO-Lanthar at f2.0; click image for 100% crops, here for large 180MP original; 100% crops also available at f2.8, f4.0, f5.6, f8.0

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 at f2.8; click image for 100% crops

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 at f4.0; click image for 100% crops

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 at f5.6; click image for 100% crops, also available at f8.0

Summary:

At long distances the Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 doesn’t seem to suffer from field-curvature as the FX-corner shows quite some detail even at f1.4. At f1.8 it is even sharper than the Z 35mm f1.8 S. But the Z 35mm f1.4 suffers from purple fringing and reduced contrast until stopped down to f2.8. The FX-corners also show a blue-ish halo at high contrast edges which does not go away even stopped down to f8.0. The Voigtländer 35mm f2 APO-Lanthar again is the sharpest – if you know how to focus manually: On my first try I missed infinity by just a bit and had to come back to repeat the test series.

Btw.: With distortion control On the Z 35mm f1.8 S covers a 3.7% wider field of view than the Z 35mm f1.4. This corresponds to a difference of around 1.3mm in effective focal length between both lenses.

Vignetting

To make it easier to see light fall-off in the corners of a full-frame sensor I’ve arranged a series of three shots each with the Nikon Z 35mm f1.4. Processing was done in Lightroom 13.4/CRAW 16.4 from RAW to Adobe Color profile with the lens profile compensating CA, vignetting (as set in camera), and distortions and developed to the same brightness in the center. They are shown with vignette control Off (1st row) resp. Normal (2nd row).

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.4

Wide open vignetting is pretty strong (>2EV) even with the lens profile applied. Stopping down to f2.0 makes vignetting less obvious. With vignette control set to Normal the extreme corners are lifted by about 0.7 EV at f1.4.

Handling of lens profiles by Adobe’s RAW converter continues to be inconsistent: The Z 35mm f1.4 gets its lens profile applied as it was set in camera with no way to change this in post-processing. With the Z 35mm f1.8 S you need to activate the lens profile (e. g. in Lightroom) and than have sliders to control the strength of vignetting and distortion correction between 0 and 200%. But if you set the corrections in camera to Off the slider to control the strength of vignetting in Lightroom or CRAW is disabled while the slider for distortion correction is still enabled. Very confusing!

Rendering of point-light sources at night-shots

Night-shots pose a different challenge for lenses as the contrast is even higher than under bright sun and point-light sources can reveal some weaknesses such as coma, haloing and colour-aberrations that do not show up as prominently in other test-shots. The 100% crops below the main image show the effect of coma in the FX-corner of the Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 at different apertures:

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 at f1.4; click image for 4k version, here for large original

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.4; 100% crops from the FX-corner at f1.4, f2.0, f2.8

The Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 produces strong coma unless stopped down to f2.8. The test also shows some color artifacts around bright streetlights.

Bokeh quality

This test is for the rendering of point-light sources in an out-of-focus background. The circle of confusion that is produced by the test is pretty indicative of Bokeh performance (in the background) and light fall-off. Ideally the out-of-focus image of the point-light is evenly lit and perfectly circular, with no “onion-rings”, and without coloration. Large aperture lenses normally produce an effect known as “cat’s eye” the further away from the optical axis the point-light is projected. This is due to optical vignetting in the lens barrel when light enters the lens from an angle.

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 at f1.4; click image for 4k version

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 at f1.4; click image for 100% crops

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 at f2.0; click image for 100% crops

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 at f2.8; click image for 100% crops

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 at f4.0; click image for 100% crops

The diameter of the Bokeh balls in the center is determined by the entrance pupil of the lens which is 25mm. Compression of the circle towards the corners is relatively mild wide open and practically gone at f2.8. The inside of the Bokeh balls is only slightly textured and without onion-rings. But there’s some outlining with green coloration from loCA.

Let’s see how this analysis of out-of-focus point-light sources translates into Bokeh-performance shooting a book-shelf. Crops are from the foreground, middle-ground, and background resized to make them comparable across all my reviews. Crops are from wide open and at f2.0.

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 at f1.4; click image for 4k version, here for large original

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 at f1.4; click image for 4k version, here for large original

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.8 S at f1.8; click image for 4k version, here for large original

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 at f2.0; click image for 100% crops

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.8 S at f2.0; click image for 100% crops

Above: Voigtländer 35mm f2 APO-Lanthar at f2.0; click image for 4k version, here for large original

Wide open the Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 produces a softer transition zone than the Z 35mm f1.8 S but the background is a tad less blurred. At f2.0 both lenses look quite similar with the Z 35mm f1.8 S still rendering a slightly harsher transition zone. The Voigtländer has a less blurry middle-ground but is devoid of color artifacts and its background is as soft as from the Z-Nikkors (at f2.0).

Looking for double-contours at the ruler (below, now at 100%) shows that the Z 35mm f1.8 S shows the strongest effect, the Z 35mm f1.4 is the softest and the Voigtländer is in-between:

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 at f1.4; 100% crop

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.8 S at f1.8; 100% crop

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 at f2.0; 100% crop

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.8 S at f2.0; 100% crop

Above: Voigtländer 35mm f2 APO-Lanthar at f2.0; 100% crop

Find more examples to judge Bokeh of the Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 on the next page.

Close-up performance

The Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 achieves a maximum magnification of 1:5.1 in close-up shooting. The following crops are at 1:5.2 from 0mm, 9mm, and 16mm off the center of the sensor respectively. The area of sharp focus is 125 x 187mm.

Nikon Z 35mm f1.4, 1:6.1 magnification; 100% crops

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 at f1.4

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 at f2.8

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 at f5.6

Above: Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 at f11

The center looks usable wide open but beyond 4mm image height things become soft very fast. I’d recommend stopping down to at least f2.8 where the lens renders half the DX image-circle in usable detail. But even at f11 the image stays blurry outside the DX circle. Field curvature is only part of the problem and focusing specifically at the eye in the above examples did not improve sharpness by much.

Flare, ghosting, and sunstars

Catching a strong light-source shining directly into the lens is always a risky business: it could produce strange colorful ghost-images or reduce contrast considerably through flare and glare. The appearance of flare and ghosting depends on factors like the aperture and the angle of the light hitting the lens. To judge the proclivity of Nikon’s Z 35mm f1.4 for these artifacts I went through a series of well calculated shots at f11 and f1.4 against a strong light source to provoke glare and ghosting. The lens hood was mounted in all shots. Following is one of the more extreme example results. The little bright square inset in the upper left shows the respective area with an exposure compensation of +3 EV to make it easier to see which levels of black the lens renders at that point:

Above: Flare and ghosting. Strong light hitting the Nikon Z 35mm f1.4 at f11; click image for 4k version or here for +3 EV exposure compensation

The Z 35mm f1.4 has flares and ghosting well controlled and produces a deep level of black outside these artifacts. You can shoot the lens confidently under adverse contra-light conditions.

Sunstars at f5.6 are pretty weak. Better to stop down to f8.0 or f11 (see above).

Next check out my sample images!